The 1101, designed by ERA but built by Remington-Rand, was intended for high-speed computing and stored 1 million bits on its magnetic drum, one of the earliest magnetic storage devices and a technology which ERA had done much to perfect in its own laboratories. During three years of production, IBM sells 19 701s to research laboratories, aircraft companies, and the federal government. One biblical scholar even used a Univac 1 to compile a concordance to the King James version of the Bible. The Amiga sold for $1,295 (without monitor) and had audio and video capabilities beyond those found in most other personal computers. When Xerox PARC loaned the Stanford Engineering Department an entire Alto Ethernet network with laser printer, graduate student Andy Bechtolsheim re-designed it into a prototype that he then attached to Stanfords computer network. Be, founded by former Apple executive Jean Louis Gasse and a number of former Apple, NeXT and SUN employees, releases their only product the BeBox. The Apple Mac computer running the Mac OS System 1 was the first commercially available computer with a graphical user interface. There is an inconsistency between states in the classification of ELL students. What is the general term for software whose source code is made available for free and permits users to use, change, and improve it? Gene Amdahl, father of the IBM System/360, starts his own company, Amdahl Corporation, to compete with IBM in mainframe computer systems. What kind of software tool are Notebook and ActivInspire examples of? The 1401 mainframe, the first in the series, replaces earlier vacuum tube technology with smaller, more reliable transistors. The Invention of the PC These innovations made it cheaper and easier to. When the Minuteman I was decommissioned, some universities received these computers for use by students. A computer could write it with a laser instead. Motorola went on to create the 68000 series, which became the basis for the Apple Macintosh line of computers. The Macintosh Portable was heavy, weighing sixteen pounds, and expensive (US$6,500). During World War II, the US Navy approaches the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) about building a flight simulator to train bomber crews. Microsoft Windows, also called Windows and Windows OS, computer operating system (OS) developed by Microsoft Corporation to run personal computers (PCs). It also included more memory and accommodated high-density 1.2-megabyte 5 1/4-inch floppy disks. It was the fastest computer in the world from November 2009 to June 2010. Hundreds of allied bombes were built in order to determine the daily rotor start positions of Enigma cipher machines, which in turn allowed the Allies to decrypt German messages. The display also used In Plane Switching (IPS) technology, which allowed for a wider viewing angle and improved color accuracy. Linux, NetWare, UNIX, Windows. As Apples first new product under the leadership of a returning Steve Jobs, many consider this the most significant step in Apple's return from near-bankruptcy in the middle 1990s. 2. The laser printer was used with PARCs Alto computer, and was commercialized as the Xerox 9700. Download now! The iPad combines many of the popular capabilities of the iPhone, such as built-in high-definition camera, access to the iTunes Store, and audio-video capabilities, but with a nine-inch screen and without the phone. It was originally created for a nuclear missile design project in 1949 by a team led by Fred Steele. The first practical stored-program computer to provide a regular computing service, EDSAC is built at Cambridge University using vacuum tubes and mercury delay lines for memory. Under the direction of engineer Dr. Paul Friedl, the Special Computer APL Machine Portable (SCAMP) personal computer prototype is developed at IBM's Los Gatos and Palo Alto, California laboratories. Wang was a successful calculator manufacturer, then a successful word processor company. In 1987, the year after Microsoft went public, 31-year-old Gates became the world's youngest billionaire. Which of the following is not a significant challenge in regard to assessing students who are English language learners (ELLs)? Which two kinds of software are designed primarily for use by individuals rather than by groups of students? SABRE is a joint project between American Airlines and IBM. Which software function could help students memorize the correct names of chemical elements? The US Army asked Bell Laboratories to design a machine to assist in testing its M-9 gun director, a type of analog computer that aims large guns to their targets. service packs. The original design included two memory boards and could generate and store 512 characters as 16 lines of 32 characters. Johnniac was used for scientific and engineering calculations. It had no operating system, but it did recognize commands entered via a row of switches. The machines were used by the Chinese Academy of Sciences to run massive solar energy simulations, as well as some of the most complex molecular studies ever undertaken. Almost a million units were ordered on the day of release. Replacing their Archimedes computer, the RISC PC from UK's Acorn Computers uses the ARMv3 RISC microprocessor. On April 7, IBM announced five models of System/360, spanning a 50-to-1 performance range. Scientific and defense applications included studies of human electrophysiology, nuclear weapon simulation, human genome mapping, and global climate change. Many credit the PS/2 for making the 3.5-inch floppy disk drive and video graphics array (VGA) standard for IBM computers. Among the lecturers were early computer designers like John von Neumann, Howard Aiken, J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, as well as mathematicians including Derrick Lehmer, George Stibitz, and Douglas Hartree. After successfully demonstrating a proof-of-concept prototype in 1939, Professor John Vincent Atanasoff receives funds to build a full-scale machine at Iowa State College (now University). With an order for 50 assembled systems from Mountain View, California computer store The Byte Shop in hand, the pair started a new company, naming it Apple Computer, Inc. This was the first program in history to run on a digital, electronic, stored-program computer. The basic computer cost $28,500.
List of early microcomputers - Wikipedia Because of its speed, small size, and reasonable cost, the PDP-8 was sold by the thousands to manufacturing plants, small businesses, and scientific laboratories around the world. 0.5 out of 0.5 points. Title card- BBCs The Computer Programme. Bruce Arthur Artwick (born January 1, 1953) [1] is an American software engineer. Many innovative programs were created for Johnniac, including the time-sharing system JOSS that allowed many users to simultaneously access the machine. The US Navy Tactical Data System uses computers to integrate and display shipboard radar, sonar and communications data. _____ account allows changes that affect other users, changes to security settings, installation of software and hardware, and access to all files on the computer. The company sold about 200 machines, losing $500 per unit. The replica is currently on display at the Computer History Museum. Walt Disney Pictures ordered eight of the 200B model to test recording equipment and speaker systems for the 12 specially equipped theatres that showed the movie Fantasia in 1940. What set the 486 apart was its optimized instruction set, with an on-chip unified instruction and data cache and an optional on-chip floating-point unit. Computer-enhanced image of IBMs Roadrunner. High packaging density of integrated circuits and a novel Freon cooling system also contributed to its speed. In 1983 Zojirushi introduced a rice cooker that was among the first consumer-oriented products to rely on fuzzy logic. Built by a team led by engineers Frederick Williams and Tom Kilburn, the Mark I serves as the prototype for Ferrantis first computer the Ferranti Mark 1. Compaq licensed the MS-DOS operating system from Microsoft and legally reverse-engineered IBMs BIOS software. Bill Gates and Paul Allen licensed their BASIC programming language interpreter to MITS as the main language for the Altair. The Pentium introduced several advances that made programs run faster such as the ability to execute several instructions at the same time and support for graphics and music. 1945: Memex All these previous chips set the stage for the first PC processors. Microcomputer Applications - Quiz 1. Dollars. IBMs 7000 series of mainframe computers are the companys first to use transistors. The Watch was received with great enthusiasm, but critics took issue with the somewhat limited battery life and high price. Computer Science. Ross contended that a Flexowriter -- an electrically-controlled typewriter -- connected to an MIT computer could function as a keyboard input device due to its low cost and flexibility. The Paragon at Caltech was named the fastest supercomputer in the world in 1992. The J-Phone line would quickly expand, releasing a flip-phone version just a month later. It used two different microprocessors: an IBM POWER XCell L8i and AMD Opteron. General Georges Doriot and his pioneering venture capital firm, American Research and Development, invested $70,000 for 70% of DECs stock to launch the company in 1957. Later revisions used the Z80 processor, which is the model pictured above that [The Byte . ducing microcomputers to small and medium-sized transit operating agen-cies. The PDP-8 sold for $18,000, one-fifth the price of a small IBM System/360 mainframe. By 2011, over 2.4 million laptops had been shipped. The TX-0 (Transistor eXperimental - 0) is the first general-purpose programmable computer built with transistors. Its price was especially attractive as the computer included very useful productivity software worth about $1,500 alone. With the success of the clone, Compaq recorded first-year sales of $111 million, the most ever by an American business in a single year. Because of its electronic, as opposed to electromechanical, technology, it is over 1,000 times faster than any previous computer. Apple's Macintosh Portable meets with little success in the marketplace and leads to a complete redesign of Apple's line of portable computers. The militarys high standards for its transistors pushed manufacturers to improve quality control. The IAS computer was designed for scientific calculations and it performed essential work for the US atomic weapons program. The result was the Relay Interpolator, later called the Bell Labs Model II. Working under Tom Kilburn at Englands Manchester University, Richard Grimsdale and Douglas Webb demonstrate a prototype transistorized computer, the "Manchester TC", on November 16, 1953. It had two operating modes, one that mirrored the segmented memory of older x86 chips, allowing full backward compatibility, and one that took full advantage of its more advanced technology.